Veterinarian Volunteerism

Last summer I spent 8 days working as a volunteer veterinarian for the Humane Society Veterinary Medical Association. I joined the Rural Area Veterinary Service (RAVS) for their annual trip to the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in North Dakota.  RAVS provides veterinary care to underserved communities within the United States. Many of these communities are located on reservations in the western half of the US. These MASH-type surgical and medical clinics are held once a year at different community centers on the reservation. RAVS provides spay and neuter surgeries, vaccinations, and parasite control.

The Standing Rock Sioux Reservation occupies 1 million acres and straddles the North Dakota/South Dakota state line. On this trip, 3 of the veterinarians and 1 LVT (licensed veterinary technician) were Humane Society employees. The additional personnel, all volunteers, consisted of:  4 veterinarians, 4 LVT’s, 35 veterinary students, and 2 clerical staff.  We gathered in Bismarck, ND for introductions and orientation. From Bismarck, we drove in caravan fashion to the Standing Rock Reservation.

The focus of this trip was to spay and neuter as many pets as possible. Vaccinations and parasite treatment were secondary to the primary mission of sterilization.  All services were free of charge to the clients. Veterinary students performed all of the pre-surgery and pre-treatment physical exams. They administered vaccinations and medications and talked to owners about exam findings, treatments, and preventive care. They assisted in anesthesia and surgery and monitored recovery of surgical patients. Most students were between the second and third years of veterinary school. These clinics provide the students with valuable surgical and clinical experience beyond what they get in veterinary school.  The students were extremely hard working, well prepared, flexible, and thorough. I was very impressed with their skills and their commitment to the well-being of the pets and the owners.

We admitted puppies and kittens as young as 6-8 weeks of age for surgery. Mature animal spays, which are rare here in urban practice, were common. These patients were primarily post- partum females, many of which were still nursing litters. Kittens and puppies as young as 2-3 weeks of age arrived along with mom and needed to be kept warm and quiet until mom was awake enough to be reunited with her babies. Every animal greater than 12 weeks of age received a Rabies vaccine, and all pets were dosed with oral worming medication and topical flea medication.

 The RAVS veterans stressed that this was likely to be the only opportunity many of these pets would have to be spayed or neutered. Pets that could not be found, caught, or transported to the site would miss the clinic and go on to produce additional litters of unwanted animals.  Neutered pets fight less, roam less, and are more likely to demonstrate behaviors that we find acceptable in household companions. Sterilized pets will lead more comfortable lives and suffer less traumatic injury and illness than their non-neutered counterparts. And they will not continue to contribute to the burden of unwanted animals on the reservation.

Clients frequently spent 2-3 hours waiting to have a pet assessed and admitted for surgery. Some waited 4 hours or more to have a pet or pets seen. Waiting for veterinary care was often a family affair, with 1 to 3 adults and 1 to multiple children and/or grandchildren piled in the car along with a variable number of animals. All pets in a family were treated as a unit-they were examined, treated, and returned to the owner at the same time.  It was not unusual for clients to arrive with 4-5 large dogs loose in the back of a truck, or 4-5 cats plus kittens loose in the passenger compartment of a car. 

Puppies and kittens seem to find homes fairly readily on the reservation. It was not uncommon for an owner to say the pet had been in the household less than a couple of weeks. Children are very involved with the puppies but interest and interaction wane as the puppy becomes an adult.  Many of the smaller dogs (a surprising number of Chihuahuas and Chihuahua mixes) live inside the house with the owners. Most medium sized and large dogs live outside of the house. 

Yards may or may not be fenced and are equipped with varying degrees of shelter. Many dogs wander freely. Some days they are observed by the owner and some days they are not. Feeding occurs if someone remembers to do it. Fighting is very common as are hit by car injuries and other types of trauma. It was rare to encounter dogs or cats over 6 years of age.

Pets come and go –household composition is very fluid – this is a different dynamic than what we are used to here in the city. Geriatric care is a major part of the services we provide to our clients. Most of the animals on the reservation do not live into these later years. But people clearly care about their pets. They would spend the entire day and into the evening waiting for their pets to be attended to. They were very thankful for the services we provided and for the interest we showed in their pets’ well-being. 

Clients’ knowledge of current recommendations for vaccination, nutrition, parasite control was minimal to non-existent. Their ability to provide the level of care that we provide for our pets is lacking. But these owners do want to do what they can within their means to improve the health and longevity of their pets. It is hard to see this when one first enters a situation so different from metropolitan Seattle but it is a large factor in the participation of so many professional volunteers. I fully anticipate accompanying RAVS on another trip next summer.

SOURCE:

Ann Whereat, VMD
Primary Location: Northwest Veterinary Hospital 

Dr. Whereat earned her degree from the University of Pennsylvania. She also received a B.A. in Biology from Lawrence University in Appleton, Wisconsin.

She has a veterinary interest in internal medicine and the human-animal bond.

Outside the office, Dr. Whereat has one pet – a Great Swiss Mountain dog – and likes to spend time with her husband and three daughters.

Pet of the Month: Luna

Meet Luna. She is Northwest's Pet of the Month! Luna is a two year old American Pitbull Terrier. Her favorite toy is a Stuffed Octopus and she loves car rides and playing chase. 

She was a rescue from southern California in a very high kill shelter, while she was pregnant. 

She was adopted shortly after her puppies were adopted out. She was scared, shy, and not confident, but has since blossomed in one of the most loving, friendly, and curious pits. 

She is an absolute joy and we love doing fun things together. She loves her belly rubs! 

Halloween Safety Tips For Your Pet

The Holidays are fast approaching and when it comes to Halloween, our family pets often find the evening full of people, costumes, and noises overwhelming and even scary.  Here are a few things to consider when preparing for the festivities:

Candy – Chocolate is the most concerning toxicity.  Mild toxicity can lead to gastrointestinal upset, but if ingested in sufficient quantities it can be fatal.  Raisins are another possible toxin and ingesting even small quantities can lead to renal failure.  Candy wrappers can become lodged in the gastrointestinal tract leading to bowel obstruction.  Xylitol found in chewing gum can lead to hypoglycemia and liver toxicity.  Overindulgence of candy in general can lead to pancreatitis.  It is not surprising that Halloween is the busiest holiday for poison control hotlines.   Please do not leave the treat bowl unattended and keep all candy out of reach.

Decorations – Lit candles can easily get knocked over by wagging tails.  Cats find glow sticks intriguing and if punctured the contents can cause painful oral irritation.

Escape – With all of the commotion and a constantly open front door, many pets escape and flee.  Before the trick-or-treaters arrive, place pets in a separate room for safety and be sure all pets have proper tags and IDs, including a microchip, just in case.  

Noises – The constant ring of the doorbell can lead to anxiety.  Additionally, many pets are unnerved by unknown voices and the sounds of children yelling and laughing. 

Pet Costumes – It is important to make sure that pet costumes fit appropriately.  Pets can easily get entangled and if left unattended may chew up and ingest costumes leading to intestinal obstruction. 

BLOG CREDIT TO: Dr. Heeren

Dr. Heeren earned her degree from Iowa State University. She interned in small animal medicine and surgery at Denver Veterinary Specialists in Colorado and earned a B.A. in Medical Biology from Beloit College in Wisconsin.

She has a strong passion for surgery and emergency medicine, and volunteers her time spaying and neutering feral cats with the Feral Cat Project. She also provides veterinary care at the Doney Clinic.

She has one pet – a white domestic short hair named Dexter – and likes to spend time gardening or exploring the hiking trails in the Seattle area.

Tips for identifying & treating allergic dermatitis in your dog

Any dog owner whose pet suffers from allergic dermatitis is all too familiar with the constant scratching and itching this condition presents. Understanding the underlying cause for the disease is the first step in finding relief for your dog. There are three main causes of allergic dermatitis: flea allergy dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy dermatitis. Additionally, some dogs can have more than one type of allergy. 

Clinical signs of allergic dermatitis include pruritus (itching), rubbing, licking, scratching, and chewing. The scratching can be so intense that it causes alopecia (hair loss), reddening of affected skin, and hot spots. A real concern is that dogs suffering with these allergies are prone to secondary bacteria and yeast infections that can result from the damage inflicted by these reactive behaviors. 

Atopic Dermatitis (Atopy)

Atopy is a hypersensitivity reaction to inhaled allergens in the environment. Common allergens include pollens, dust mites, and mold spores. Antihistamines, glucocorticoid steroids, and medicated baths are often used to help alleviate the symptoms of atopy. In order to diagnose atopy in canines, veterinary staff use a technique called intradermal skin testing.  Allergy shots are then formulated to help desensitize the dog to the allergens that the dog reacted to. The onset of atopy occurs between one and three years of age in most cases, but can occur as early as six months or as late as seven years of age. The areas of skin most commonly affected are the face, areas around the eyes, ears, feet, axillary region (underarm), and groin.  However, itching can be generalized throughout the skin. Atopy can be seasonal or non-seasonal depending on the allergen.

Food Allergy

Food allergies are a hypersensitivity reaction to a substance in food. Some of the more common foods that dogs are allergic to can include beef, dairy products, wheat, chicken, chicken eggs, lamb, and soy. Food allergies can occur in dogs ranging from four months to around fourteen years of age, but approximately one third of these dogs will have the onset of food allergies within their first year of life. Skin areas affected by food allergies are practically identical as those caused by atopic dermatitis, making the diagnosis between the causes difficult.

To make this determination, a strict dietary elimination trial must be performed. These diets should consist of a single source of protein (such as duck) and single source of carbohydrate (such as potatoes). It is a requirement that the dog has not been exposed to these food choices previously. There are prescription diets that meet these requirements, such as novel protein or hydrolyzed protein dog foods. If feeding a home cooked diet, work with a veterinary nutritionist to make sure the diet is properly balanced. 

During the diet trial, the dog must AVOID the following:

• Flavored medications and vitamin supplements
• Treats
• Table scraps - keep your dog out of the kitchen, especially with young children that may drop food
• Medication in food
• Food intended for other household animals
• Flavored chew toys

The trial diet is fed exclusively for two to three months before reintroduction to the previous diet. If there is an allergic reaction to the reintroduced food within 14 days, then the dog has a food allergy and should return to eating the trial diet. Once the food allergy reaction dissipates again, individual ingredients can be introduced, one at a time, for a period of two weeks each. This will likely determine the specific food substance that causes the reaction. 

Flea Allergy Dermatitis

Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is a reaction to an antigen in flea saliva. FAD is very common in dogs. Although canines of any age can develop FAD, it usually affects younger patients. Individual dogs react differently to flea bites, and the reaction is worse if the dog has another skin disease as well. Symptoms of FAD include itching the tail base, thighs, and rear third of the dog’s back. 

Since flea allergy dermatitis is a reaction to flea saliva, the treatment is preventing flea bites, decreasing the duration fleas are able to feed, and decreasing the number of fleas present on the dog. This is best done by eliminating exposure to fleas. There are many flea control products available in both topical and oral formulations. It is important to treat all animals in the household when dealing with a flea infestation along with treating the inside (home) and outside (yard) environment.  Vehicles that pets commonly ride in should be treated as well.  

Canine skin allergies create a frustrating problem for dog owners, because what often begins as a seemingly simple condition can evolve into a confusing, and usually painful situation. By properly diagnosing, and subsequently addressing, the root cause of the allergic dermatitis, the daily comfort of your companion can be greatly improved. 

Dr. Catherine Gamber received her Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Science from Texas A&M University.   Before moving to the Pacific Northwest she practiced general veterinary medicine in Dallas, Texas. 

Her special interests in veterinary medicine include internal medicine, dermatology, and soft tissue surgery. She is passionate about providing the highest quality of care for her dog and cat patients, and has a particular fondness for pot-bellied pigs.  

When she isn’t practicing veterinary medicine, she enjoys spending time outdoors running, hiking, and kayaking. Her own pets include a brown tabby cat named Amber and a pot-bellied pig named Eleanor Pigby.

SOURCE: http://www.seattledogspot.com/blog/dog-blog/post/tips-for-identifying-treating-allergic-dermatitis-in-your-dog

Is Your Cat Missing the Litter Box?

You have a problem. Your cat is thinking outside the box, and not in a good way. You may be wondering what you did to inspire so much “creative expression.” Is your cat punishing you? Is Fluffy just “bad”? No, and no. House soiling and missing the litter box is a sign that your cat needs some help.

According to the Winn Feline Foundation, house soiling is the number one complaint among cat owners. The good news is that it is very treatable.

An accredited veterinarian can help you determine if the problem is medical or related to social or environmental stressors. In addition to a complete physical exam, the doctor will ask you specific “where and when” questions.

Health factors

Tony Buffington, DVM, PhD, a specialist in feline urinary disorders at The Ohio State University, and founder of the Indoor Cat Initiative says that many veterinarians recommend a urine test for every cat with a house soiling problem. The urinalysis will determine if blood, bacteria, or urinary crystals are present — signs that your cat might have feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD).

FLUTD is very common and can cause painful urination. Cats that begin to associate the litter box with pain will avoid it. Other medical possibilities include hyperthyroidism, kidney disease, diabetes, and arthritis and muscle or nerve disorders that might prevent your cat from getting to the litter box in time.

Environmental factors
If there is no medical cause, the next step is to look at environmental factors. Start with the litter box. Your cat might be avoiding the litter box because it is not cleaned well enough, you’ve changed the type of litter you use, or there is only one box for multiple cats.

Another possibility is that your cat is “marking” — spraying urine, typically on vertical objects such as walls and furniture, or in “socially significant” areas near doors or windows. Both male and female cats mark. The most common offenders are cats that have not been spayed or neutered.

Buffington says that stress can cause elimination problems too. For example, subtle aggression or harassment by other house cats or neighborhood cats may be an issue.

Indoor Cat Initiative

Even unremarkable changes in your home can make your cat anxious or fearful. Look around. Did anything change right before your cat started having problems? Did you get a new pet? A new couch? Maybe you just moved the old couch to a different part of the room, or had a dinner party. Cats are sensitive creatures and changes that seem small to you can throw your cat off his game. Check with your veterinarian about finding solutions that work for both you and your cat.

Source: http://www.aaha.org/pet_owner/pet_health_library/cat_care/behavior/missing_the_litter_box.aspx

Back to School Separation Anxiety

With all the excitement of the kids going back to school, many families may not think about what it means to the dog or cat. What you may notice are changes in behavior, a sad dog or cat, who mopes around or sleeps a lot more. Or your dog may suddenly started chewing things he shouldn't, or your cat does a lot more meowing. And you may not even connect the unusual cat or dog behavior with back-to-school time. Dogs and cats love routine, it makes them feel secure. They like knowing that certain things happen at about the same time each day, and they know where they want to be when it happens. If the kids have been around all summer, playing outside with the dog, or giving kitty extra love and snuggles, and suddenly they’re gone all day, it's upsetting. For some pets, they just feel sad and confused, and others feel real separation anxiety and may act up. 

Kids can help your pet through the back-to-school blues The first thing to note is that this is a family matter, and a good opportunity for the kids to take more responsibility for the care of their pets. Let your kids know that their dog or cat is going to miss them when they're gone all day, and discuss what they can do to help their pets through it. One of the best ways for a pet to get over the loss of one routine is to replace it with another. Your pet may be sad all day at first, but if he knows that at 3:45 your kids will be home from school and will actively play with him soon after each day, your pet has something new to look forward to. If your child has a set time to do homework or read, that's an excellent time for the dog or cat to curl up next to her and "help" with studying. Ask your kids to think of other ways to include their pets in their routines. 

More than just sad, it’s separation anxiety If your pet exhibits true separation anxiety, as in, he goes crazy when he sees your kids put on their backpacks to leave for school, or is destructive when everyone is gone, you'll have to do some gentle training to ease his stress. Your kids may feel sorry for their pet and do a long sad goodbye. This only reinforces your pet’s fears and builds up the anxiety. It’s better to make the goodbye upbeat and brief, or eliminate it completely. Depending on your pet, he may respond well to a goodbye petting, a little goodbye treat, or simply leaving with a cheerful "good boy!" as your kids go out the door. This should happen before your pet gets upset. If your pet is freaking out, absolutely do not reward with anything. If you can get your pet to calm down – if it’s a dog, a simple "sit!" command may help. Then reward with petting and telling him he's ok once he’s calm. If your pet gets upset just by the backpacks or car keys being picked up, pick those items up and walk around the house with them several times a day, but don't leave. Your pet will learn not to associate those items with the pending doom of your kids leaving.

When back-to-school means an empty house If everyone is gone all day, both parents included, your pets are going to be bored on top of being upset. It's important to leave them some interactive toys to help them pass the time. Eventually, they will get used to the new reality, and will likely sleep most of the day. You can balance the boredom by providing vigorous exercise each day when you or your kids are home. Remember, you and your kids may have had a very busy day, but your pet has done virtually nothing, unless there is evidence to the contrary, as in a shredded or chewed up sofa. Providing your dog or cat active, vigorous play each day will help them burn up their pent up energy. Take your dog for a run or go outside and throw a ball or flying disk. For your cat, run around the house with a little toy on the end of a string. You may also want to consider getting your pet a little buddy to keep him company when no one is home. Even an aloof adult cat is likely to accept a kitten into her life, and the kitten will entice the older cat to play. And dogs, being true social animals, nearly always accept another dog to play with. Remember, your pets can get nervous, upset, anxious or lonely just like people, only they don't have the benefit of knowing that you’ll be back when you leave. It's up to you and your kids to make your pets feel secure in ways they understand. 

Source: http://www.petcentric.com/08-24-2009/your-pets-view-of-kids-going-back-to-school

Car Sickness In Pets

Does your dog throw up in the car when you go for rides? He may be experiencing typical motion sickness, just like some people do. Motion sickness usually begins very shortly after starting the car ride. The dog will begin to drool and then vomit. It’s not serious, but certainly not something that we like to clean up! To solve the problem, first try acclimating the dog to car rides. Do this by simply putting him in the car for a few minutes each day without going anywhere. Then try just going down the driveway and back, and the next day going around the block. Gradually build up the distance and time the dog rides in the car. 

 Sometimes this will help to decrease the dog’s anxiety over riding in the car and may help to decrease vomiting. If that doesn’t work, there are some over-the-counter medications you can try. The medication will need to be given about an hour before the car ride. Ask your veterinarian for a recommendation as to what drug to try and the dosage for your pet.

(Never give any medications to your pet without your veterinarian’s advice!) These drugs are safe, with drowsiness usually the only major side effect. But since your dog isn’t driving the car, that shouldn’t be a problem! If over-the-counter drugs don’t work, your veterinarian may be able to suggest another method for curing the car sickness.

Source: http://www.aaha.org/pet_owner/pet_health_library/dog_care/general_health/car_sickness.aspx